Contraception
Volume 53, Issue 1 , Pages 25-32 , January 1996

Evidence against tailstrings increasing the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease among IUD users

  • Kristie L. Ebi

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationName and address for correspondence: Kristie L. Ebi, Ph.D., M.P.H., Manager, Epidemiology & Toxicology, EMF Effects Assessment and Management, Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 Tel: (415) 855-2735; Fax: (415) 855-1069
    • Failure Analysis Associates, Inc., 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA Tel: (415) 688-7124; FAX (415) 326-8072
    • Current address: Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
  • ,
  • Robert L. Piziali

      Affiliations

    • Failure Analysis Associates, Inc., 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA Tel: (415) 688-7124; FAX (415) 326-8072
    • Current address: Piziali & Associates, 655 Sky Way, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA
  • ,
  • Michael Rosenberg

      Affiliations

    • Health Decisions, Inc., 100 Europa Drive, Suite 525, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA
  • ,
  • Harry F. Wachob

      Affiliations

    • Failure Analysis Associates, Inc., 149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA Tel: (415) 688-7124; FAX (415) 326-8072

Received 25 January 1995 ,Revised 11 October 1995 ,Accepted 13 October 1995.

References 

  1. In: Second report on intrauterine contraceptive devices. Washington, DC: The Medical Device and Drug Advisory Committees on Obstetrics and Gynecology: Food and Drug Administration of the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1975;p. 1–102
  2. In: Mechanism of action, safety and efficacy of intrauterine devices. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1987;p. 1–90
  3. Grimes DA. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: Recent developments. Contraception. 1987;36:97–109
  4. Kessel E. Pelvic inflammatory disease with intrauterine device use: A reassessment. Fertil Steril. 1989;51:1–11
  5. Coughlin RW, Vieth RF, DiBenedetto AT. Polypropylene IUCD retrieval fibers: Surface morphology, materials properties, microbial attachment and migration. J Appl Biomater. 1992;3:99–116
  6. Warner MS, Matsuno SJ, Virgin CJ, et al.  Performance of the polypropylene fiber tailstring on the copper 7 intrauterine device. J Appl Biomater. 1991;2(2):73–94
  7. Blais P, Guidoin R. Biocompatibility in fertility control technology. In:  Williams DF editors. Biocompatibility in Clinical Practice. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1982;p. 47–134
  8. Salthouse TN. Biocompatibility of sutures. In: Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1982;p. 11–33
  9. Piziali RL, Wachob HF, Lotz JL. Bioengineering design analysis of IUD tailstrings. Submitted for publication.
  10. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. In: Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. Lifetime Learning Publications; 1982;p. 331–352
  11. Willson JR, Ledger WJ, Bollinger CC, Andros GJ. The Margulies intrauterine contraceptive device. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1965;92:62–70
  12. Lehfeldt H. Intrauterine contraception: Tailed vs. tailless devices. Extrait du Livre Jubilaire offert au D'Jean Dalsace. 1966;199–213
  13. Buchman MI. A study of the intrauterine contraceptive device with and without an extracervical appendage or tail. Fertil Steril. 1970;21:348–355
  14. Galvez RS, Galich L, Guirola AM, et al.  A comparative study of the TCu200B with and without strings. Adv Contracept Deliv Sys Monograph. 1985;1:107–112
  15. Wheeler RG, Cole LP, Galvez RS. IUDs with or without strings. In:  Zatuchni GI,  Goldsmith A,  Sciarra JJ editor. Intrauterine Contraception: Advances and Future Prospects. Harper & Row; 1985;p. 420–426
  16. Cohen J. Comparaison du DIU au cuivre T 200 avec et sans fil. A comparative study of the copper T 200 IUD with or without string. Contra Fertil Sexual. 1987;15:1157–2260
  17. Batar I, Lampe LG, Allonen H. Clinical experience with intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) inserted with and without tail. Acta Chirurgica Hungarica. 1988;29:385–393
  18. Chi IC, Champion CB, Farr G, et al.  Two clinical trials designed to evaluate the prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease in IUD users. Infect Med Dis Lett Obstet Gynecol. 1990;12:3–6
  19. Potts DM, Champion CB, Kozuh-Novak M, et al.  UDs and PID: a comparative trial of strings versus stringless devices. Adv Contracept. 1991;7:231–240
  20. Gupta HD, Belavalgidad MI, Gupta I, Devi PK. A statistical study of the Copper T and Copper 7 intrauterine devices. Contraception. 1976;14:655–660
  21. Hindle WH. Clinical evaluation and follow-up on 3,829 IUD procedures. Trans Pac Coast Obstet Gynecol Soc. 1978;45:195–200
  22. Goldman JA, Dekel A, Reichman J. Immediate postabortion intrauterine contraception in nulliparous adolescents. Israel J Med Soc. 1979;15:522–525
  23. Aziz AAA, El-Sokkary MB. A comparative study of the effects of three types of intra-uterine contraceptive devices. Armed Forces Med J. 1980;22:135–146
  24. Larsson B, Rodau S, Patek E. Pelvic inflammatory disease among women using copper IUDs, Progestasert, oral contraceptive pills or vaginal contraceptive pills—A 4-year prospective investigation. Contracept Deliv Syst. 1981;2:237–242
  25. Task Force on Intrauterine Devices for Fertility Regulation . Interval IUD insertion in parous women: A randomized multicentre comparative trial of the Lippes Loop D, TCu220C and the Copper 7. In: Geneva: World Health Organization; 1982;p. 1–22
  26. Berthet J, Racinet C, Stevanovic R, Cornet-Droguet N. Comparative clinical performances of 4 copper-releasing IUDs. Acta Eur Fertil. 1983;14:265–268
  27. Goh TH, Sinnathuray TA, Sivanesaratnam V, Sen DK. A randomised comparative evaluation of the Copper 7, Multiload Copper 250 and T Copper-220C IUDs. Contraception. 1983;27:75–84
  28. Task Force on Intrauterine Devices for Fertility Regulation, WHO . IUD insertion following spontaneous abortion: A clinical trial of the TCu 220C, Lippes Loop D, and Copper 7. Stud Fam Plann. 1983;14:109–114
  29. Task Force on Intrauterine Devices for Fertility Regulation, WHO . IUD insertion following termination of pregnancy: A clinical trial of the TCu 220C, Lippes Loop D, and Copper 7. Stud Fam Plann. 1983;14:99–1081
  30. Amr MF, Issa AA, Khamis F, et al.  Acceptability of the IUD in a Jordanian community. Adv Contracept. 1985;1:157–159
  31. Cole LP, Potts DM, Aranda C, et al.  Comparative copper IUD trials. In:  Zatuchni GA,  Goldsmith A,  Sciarra JJ editor. Intrauterine Contraception: Advances and Future Prospects. Harper & Row; 1985;p. 95–100
  32. Trutko NS. Efficiency and acceptability of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Acta Med Hung. 1986;43:103–108
  33. Bisset AM, Dingwall-Fordyce I, Hamilton MK. A study of event rates of intrauterine devices over a two year period. Br J Fam Plann. 1987;13:55–61
  34. Apelo RA, Ramos RM, Bernardo E, Champion CB. A 3-year evaluation of the TCu380Ag and the Cu-7. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1989;28:269–273
  35. Tietze C, Lewitt S. Recommended procedures for the statistical evaluation of intrauterine contraception. Stud Fam Plann. 1973;4:35–42
  36. Farley TMM, Rosenberg MJ, Rowe PJ, Chen JH, Meirik O. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: an international perspective. Lancet. 1992;339:785–788

PII: 0010-7824(95)00253-7

Contraception
Volume 53, Issue 1 , Pages 25-32 , January 1996