Contraception
Volume 64, Issue 4 , Pages 243-248 , October 2001

Dose finding in a low-dose 21-day combined oral contraceptive containing gestodene

  • Frank Lüdicke

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +41-22-382-4321; fax: +41-22-382-4313
    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
    • ,
  • Helen Sullivan

      Affiliations

    • University of Manchester, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Healthcare, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Jürgen Spona

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Division of Cellular Endocrinology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, LAB 19, Rudolfinerhaus, Vienna, Austria
    • ,
  • Max Elstein

      Affiliations

    • University of Manchester, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Healthcare, Manchester, United Kingdom

References 

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  2. Vandenbroucke JP, Rosing J, Bloemenkamp KW, et al.  Oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1527–1535
  3. Fitzgerald C, Feichtinger W, Spona J, et al.  A comparison of the effects of two monophasic low dose oral contraceptives on the inhibition of ovulation. Adv Contracept. 1994;10:5–18
  4. Spona J, Lachnit-Fixson U, Dusterberg B, Dobianer K. Inhibition of ovulation by a triphasic gestodene-containing oral contraceptive. Adv Contracept. 1993;9:187–194
  5. Hoogland HJ, Skouby SO. Ultrasound evaluation of ovarian activity under oral contraceptives. Contraception. 1993;47:583–590
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  7. Johansson ED. Effects of exogenous steroids on gonadotrophin secretion. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1976;3:579–590
  8. Goldzieher JW, de la PA, Chenault CB, Cervantes A. Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. III. Effect on plasma gonadotropins. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975;122:625–636
  9. Goldzieher JW, Pena A, Chenault CB, Woutersz TB. Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. II. Antiovulatory potency. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975;122:619–624
  10. Teichmann AT, Brill K, Albring M, Schnitker J, Wojtynek P, Kustra E. The influence of the dose of ethinylestradiol in oral contraceptives on follicle growth. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1995;9:299–305
  11. Nygren KG, Johansson ED, Wide L. The contraceptive efficacy of 10 mg or 25 mg of norethindrone given orally on day 15–22 of the human menstrual cycle. Contraception. 1974;9:249–256
  12. Fotherby K, Koetsawang S, Mathrubutham M. Pharmacokinetic study of different doses of Depo Provera. Contraception. 1980;22:527–536
  13. Elstein M, Briston PG, Jenkins M, Kirk D, Miller H. Effects of a low-oestrogen oral contraceptive on urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone and ovarian steroids. Br Med J. 1974;1:11–13
  14. Coney P, DelConte A. The effects on ovarian activity of a monophasic oral contraceptive with 100 microg levonorgestrel and 20 microg ethinyl estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181(5 Pt 2):53–58
  15. Grimes DA, Godwin AJ, Rubin A, Smith JA, Lacarra M. Ovulation and follicular development associated with three low-dose oral contraceptives (a randomized controlled trial). Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83:29–34
  16. Killick SR. Ovarian follicles during oral contraceptive cycles (their potential for ovulation). Fertil Steril. 1989;52:580–582
  17. Rabe T, Nitsche DC, Runnebaum B. The effects of monophasic and triphasic oral contraceptives on ovarian function and endometrial thickness. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 1997;2:39–51
  18. Spona J, Feichtinger W, Kindermann C, Wunsch C, Brill K. Inhibition of ovulation by an oral contraceptive containing 100 micrograms levonorgestrel in combination with 20 micrograms ethinylestradiol. Contraception. 1996;54:299–304
  19. Thomas K, Vankrieken L. Inhibition of ovulation by low-dose monophasic contraceptive containing gestodene. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(4 Pt 2):1404–1410
  20. Spona J, Elstein M, Feichtinger W, et al.  Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development. Contraception. 1996;54:71–77
  21. van Heusden AM, Fauser BC. Activity of the pituitary-ovarian axis in the pill-free interval during use of low-dose combined oral contraceptives. Contraception. 1999;59:237–243
  22. Eyong E, Priddy AR, Killick SR, Elstein M. Pituitary-ovarian activity when switching from various monophasic pills to a triphasic pill. Adv Contracept. 1989;5:1–11
  23. Letterie GS, Chow GE. Effect of “missed” pills on oral contraceptive effectiveness. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79:979–982
  24. Sullivan H, Furniss H, Spona J, Elstein M. Effect of 21-day and 24-day oral contraceptive regimens containing gestodene (60 microg) and ethinyl estradiol (15 microg) on ovarian activity. Fertil Steril. 1999;72:115–120

☆ The study was supported by Schering AG, Berlin, Germany.

PII: S0010-7824(01)00258-X

Contraception
Volume 64, Issue 4 , Pages 243-248 , October 2001

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