Contraception
Volume 67, Issue 1 , Pages 15-18 , January 2003

Sponge versus diaphragm for contraception: a Cochrane review

  • M.A. Kuyoh

      Affiliations

    • Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
    • ,
  • C. Toroitich-Ruto

      Affiliations

    • Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
    • ,
  • D.A. Grimes

      Affiliations

    • Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-919-544-7040; fax: +1-919-544-7261.
    • ,
  • K.F. Schulz

      Affiliations

    • Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
    • ,
  • M.F. Gallo

      Affiliations

    • Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA

Received 19 August 2002 ,Accepted 4 September 2002.

References 

  1. Trussell J, Strickler J, Vaughan B. Contraceptive efficacy of the diaphragm, the sponge and the cervical cap. Fam Plann Perspect. 1993;25:100–105 , 135
  2. Faich G, Pearson K, Fleming D, Sobel S, Anello C. Toxic shock syndrome and the vaginal contraceptive sponge. JAMA. 1986;255:216–218
  3. Schwartz B, Gaventa S, Broome CV, et al.  Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome associated with barrier contraceptives (report of a case-control study). Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11(Suppl 1):S43–48 (discussion S48–9)
  4. Forbes A, Heise L. What’s up with nonoxynol-9?. Reprod Health Matters. 2000;8:156–159
  5. Cook RL, Rosenberg MJ. Do spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 prevent sexually transmitted infections? A meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25:144–150
  6. Edelman DA, McIntyre SL, Harper J. A comparative trial of the Today contraceptive sponge and diaphragm. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;150:869–876
  7. Bounds W, Guillebaud J. Randomised comparison of the use-effectiveness and patient acceptability of the Collatex (Today) contraceptive sponge and the diaphragm. Br J Fam Plann. 1984;10:69–75
  8. Family Health International, Addendum to final report: development and testing of vaginal contraceptives. 1985. Research Triangle Park, NC. NIH contract number: N01-HD-1-2800
  9. Weiss NS. Clinical epidemiology. In:  Rothman RJ,  Greenland S editor. Modern epidemiology. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1998;p. 519–528
  10. McIntyre SL, Higgins JE. Parity and use-effectiveness with the contraceptive sponge. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;155:796–801
  11. Edelman DA, North BB, Bernstein GS. Parity, pregnancy and the sponge. Fam Plann Perspect. 1985;17:284
  12. Edelman DA, North BB. Updated pregnancy rates for the Today contraceptive sponge. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157:1164–1165
  13. Edelman DA, North BB. Parity and the effectiveness of the Today contraceptive sponge. Adv Contracept. 1987;3:327–333
  14. Altman DG, Schulz KF, Moher D, et al.  The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials (explanation and elaboration). Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:663–694
  15. Beckman LJ, Murray J, Harvey SM. The contraceptive sponge (factors in initiation and discontinuation of use). Contraception. 1989;40:481–496
  16. Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Murray J. Factors associated with use of the contraceptive sponge. Fam Plann Perspect. 1989;21:179–183
  17. Rosenberg MJ, Rojanapithayakorn W, Feldblum PJ, Higgins JE. Effect of the contraceptive sponge on chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, and candidiasis. A comparative clinical trial. JAMA. 1987;257:2308–2312
  18. Rosenberg MJ, Feldblum PJ, Rojanapithayakorn W, Sawasdivorn W. The contraceptive sponge’s protection against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sex Transm Dis. 1987;14:147–152
  19. Roddy RE, Zekeng L, Ryan KA, Tamoufe U, Weir SS, Wong EL. A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:504–510
  20. Roddy RE, Zekeng L, Ryan KA, Tamoufe U, Tweedy KG. Effect of nonoxynol-9 gel on urogenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infection (a randomized controlled trial). JAMA. 2002;287:1117–1122

PII: S0010-7824(02)00434-1

Contraception
Volume 67, Issue 1 , Pages 15-18 , January 2003

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