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Contraception
Volume 73, Issue 3
, Pages 223-228
, March 2006
Risk of nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using a contraceptive transdermal patch and oral contraceptives containing norgestimate and 35 μg of ethinyl estradiol
References
- http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/orthoevra/default.htm.
- . Comparison of ethinylestradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch and an oral contraceptive. Contraception. 2005;72:168–174
- . Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet. 1995;346:1575–1582
- . Risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: a clinical review. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1965–1976
- . Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestagen components. Lancet. 1995;346:1589–1593
- . Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis. BMJ. 2000;321:1190–1195
- Oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1527–1535
- . Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet. 1995;346:1582–1588
- . A comparative and pooled analysis of the safety and tolerability of the contraceptive patch (Ortho Evra/Evra). Fertil Steril. 2002;77(Suppl 2):S19–S26
- . Clinical risk factors for venous thromboembolus in users of the combined oral contraceptive pill. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;53:637–640
- . Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. 3rd ed.. Pacific Grove (CA): Duxbury Press; 1998;[Chapter 24, pp 687-709, and Chapter 22, section 22-3-2]
- Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on sensitivity to activated protein C among postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1671–1676
- . Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. Lancet. 2003;362:428–432
- . Risk of venous thromboembolism with cyproterone or levonorgestrel contraceptives. Lancet. 2001;358:1427–1429
- . Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet. 1994;344:1453–1457
- . Principles of epidemiologic research on adverse and beneficial drug effects. Lancet. 1998;352:1767–1770
- . Combined oral contraceptives, smoking, and cardiovascular risk. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52:775–785
- . Oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism: absence of an effect of smoking. Br Med J. 1977;2:729–730
PII: S0010-7824(06)00008-4
doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.01.001
© 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
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Contraception
Volume 73, Issue 3
, Pages 223-228
, March 2006
