Contraception
Volume 75, Issue 1 , Pages 37-39 , January 2007

Experience with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system among HIV-infected women

Received 27 April 2006 ,Revised 5 September 2006 ,Accepted 6 September 2006.

References 

  1. http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacenter/200605-FS_globalfactsfigures_en.pdf. accessed July 6, 2006.
  2. Davis K, Weller S. The effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. Fam Plann Perspect. 1999;31:272–279
  3. Mostad SB, Overbaugh J, DeVange DM, et al. Hormonal contraception, vitamin A deficiency, and other risk factors for shedding of HIV-1 infected cells from the cervix and vagina. Lancet. 1997;350:922–927
  4. Wang C, McClelland R, Overbaugh J, et al. The effect of hormonal contraception on genital tract shedding of HIV-1. AIDS. 2004;18:205–209
  5. Li M, Short R. How estrogen or progesterone might change a woman's susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;42:472–475
  6. Mitchell H, Stephens E. Contraceptive choice for HIV positive women. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80:167–173
  7. Morrison C, Sekadde-Kigondu C, Sinei S, Weiner D, Kwok C, Kokonya D. Is the intrauterine device appropriate contraception for HIV-1-infected women?. BJOG. 2001;108:784–790
  8. Milsom I, Andersson K, Andersch B, Rybo G. A comparison of flubriprofen, tranexamic acid and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164:879–883
  9. Barbosa I, Bakos O, Olsson S-E, Odlind V, Johansson E. Ovarian function during the use of levonorgestrel-releasing IUD. Contraception. 1990;42:51–66
  10. Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infections: three years' comparative experience of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77:261–264
  11. Guillebaud J. In:  Guillebaud J editors. Contraception — your questions answered. 4th ed.. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2004;p. 406–407
  12. Cooling H. Successful use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system in a HIV positive woman. Br J Fam Plann. 1999;25:25–26
  13. Hurskainen R, Teperi J, Rissanen P, et al. Clinical outcomes and costs with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia: randomized trial 5-year follow-up. JAMA. 2004;291:1456–1463
  14. Grubert T, Reindell D, Kästner R. Complications after caesarean section in HIV-1-infected women not taking antiretroviral treatment. Lancet. 1999;354:1612–1613
  15. Serraino D, Carrieri P, Pradier C, et al. Risk of invasive cervix cancer among women with, or at risk for, HIV-infection. Int J Cancer. 1999;82:334–337
  16. Hawes S, Critchlow C, Mame A, et al. Increased risk of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer among African women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 infections. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:555–563
  17. Lehtovirta P, Finne P, Nieminen P, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix among HIV-infected women — a long-term follow-up study in a low prevalence population. Int J STD AIDS 2006 [in press].
  18. Richardson B, Morrison C, Sekadde-Kigondu C, et al. Effect of intrauterine device use on cervical shedding of HIV-1 DNA. AIDS. 1999;13:2091–2097
  19. Heikinheimo O, Lehtovirta P, Suni J, Paavonen J. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in HIV-infected women — effects on bleeding patterns, ovarian function and genital shedding of HIV. Hum Reprod 2006 [in press].

☆ Financial support from the University Central Hospital Research Funds is gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Heikinheimo is the recipient of a Finnish Medical Foundation Clinical Fellowship grant.

☆☆ The contents of the present manuscript do not necessarily reflect the policy of the funding sources.

PII: S0010-7824(06)00362-3

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.09.006

Contraception
Volume 75, Issue 1 , Pages 37-39 , January 2007

Article Tools