Contraception
Volume 77, Issue 1 , Pages 34-39 , January 2008

Effects on serum hormone levels of low-dose estrogen in place of placebo during the hormone-free interval of an oral contraceptive

  • Kathleen Z. Reape

      Affiliations

    • Duramed Research, Inc. Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 610 747 2641; fax: +1 610 747 6638.
    • ,
  • Charles E. DiLiberti

      Affiliations

    • Barr Laboratories, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
    • ,
  • Christopher H. Hendy

      Affiliations

    • Novum Pharmaceutical Research Services, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
    • ,
  • Edward J. Volpe

      Affiliations

    • Duramed Research, Inc. Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA

Received 12 July 2007 ,Revised 14 September 2007 ,Accepted 23 September 2007.

References 

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  2. Baerwald AR, Pierson RA. Ovarian follicular development during the use of oral contraception: a review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2004;26(1):19–24
  3. Baerwald AR, Olatunbosun OA, Pierson RA. Ovarian follicular development is initiated during the hormone-free interval of oral contraceptive use. Contraception. 2004;70:371–377
  4. Fauser B, Van Heusden A. Manipulation of human ovarian function: physiological concepts and clinical consequences. Endocr Rev. 1997;18:71–106
  5. Willis SA, Kuehl TJ, Spiekerman AM, Sulak PJ. Greater inhibition of the pituitary–ovarian axis in oral contraceptive regimens with a shortened hormone-free interval. Contraception. 2006;74:100–103
  6. Endrikat J, Gerlinger C, Plettig K, et al. A meta-analysis on the correlation between ovarian activity and the incidence of intermenstrual bleeding during low-dose oral contraceptive use. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2003;17:107–114
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  8. Sulak P, Willis S, Kuehl T, Coffee A, Clark J. Headaches and oral contraceptives: impact of eliminating the standard 7-day placebo interval. Headache. 2007;47:27–37
  9. Coffee AL, Kuehl TJ, Willis S, Sulak PJ. Oral contraceptives and premenstrual symptoms: comparison of a 21/7 and extended-regimen. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1311–1319
  10. Spona J, Feichtinger W, Kindermann CH, Wünsch C, Brill K. Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development. Contraception. 1996;54:299–304
  11. Schlaff W, Lynch A, Hughes H, et al. Manipulation of the pill-free interval in oral contraceptive pill users: the effect on follicular suppression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:943–951
  12. Killick SR, Fitzgerald C, Davis A. Ovarian activity in women taking an oral contraceptive containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg desogestrel: effects of low estrogen doses during the hormone-free interval. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:S18–S24
  13. Archer DF, Jensen JT, Johnson JV, Borisute H, Grubb GS, Constantine GD. Evaluation of a continuous regimen of levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol: phase 3 study results. Contraception. 2006;74:439–445
  14. Nakajima ST, Archer DF, Ellman H. Efficacy and safety of a new 24-day oral contraceptive regimen of norethindrone acetate 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 20 μg (Loestrin® Fe). Contraception. 2007;75:16–22
  15. Reape KZ, DiLiberti CE. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of an extended-regimen oral contraceptive with continuous estrogen. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(4, Suppl):13S;[Abstract]
  16. Hohmann FP, Laven JSE, DeJong FH, Fauser BCJM. Relationship between inhibin A and B, estradiol and follicle growth dynamics during ovarian stimulation in normo-ovulatory women. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;152:395–401
  17. Renier MA, Vereecken A, VanHerck E, et al. Dimeric inhibin serum values as markers of ovarian activity in pill-free intervals. Contraception. 1998;57:45–48

PII: S0010-7824(07)00426-X

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.09.010

Contraception
Volume 77, Issue 1 , Pages 34-39 , January 2008

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