Contraception
Volume 79, Issue 3 , Pages 189-193 , March 2009

The LNG-IUS study on adenomyosis: a 3-year follow-up study on the efficacy and side effects of the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system for the treatment of dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis

Received 1 August 2008 ,Accepted 26 November 2008.

References 

  1. Azziz R. Adenomyosis: current perspectives. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1989;16:221–235
  2. Wood C. Surgical and medical treatment of adenomyosis. Hum Reprod Update. 1998;4:323–336
  3. Ferenczy A. Pathophysiology of adenomyosis. Hum Reprod Update. 1998;4:312–322
  4. Uduwela AS, Perera MA, Aiqing L, Fraser IS. Endometrial–myometrial interface: relationship to adenomyosis and changes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2000;55:390–400
  5. Dueholm M, Lundorf E, Hansen ES, Ledertoug S, Sørensen JS, Olesen F. Magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasonography for diagnosis of adenomyosis. Fertil Steril. 2001;76:588–594
  6. Luukkainen T, Lähteenmäki P, Toivonen J. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. Ann Med. 1990;22:85–90
  7. Vercellini P, Aimi G, Paonazza S, DeGiorgi O, Pesole A, Crosignani PG. A levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 1999;72:505–508
  8. Vercellini P, Frontino G, De Giorgi O, Aimi G, Zaina B, Crosignani PG. Comparison of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device versus expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:305–309
  9. Lockhat FB, Emembolu JO, Konje JC. The evaluation of the effectiveness of an intrauterine-administered progestogen (levonorgestrel) in the symptomatic treatment of endometriosis and in the staging of the disease. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:179–184
  10. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Raffaelli R, Portuese A, Dorta M. Treatment of adenomyosis-associated menorrhagia with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. Fertil Steril. 1997;68:426–429
  11. Fong YF, Singh K. Medical treatment of a grossly enlarged adenomyotic uterus with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception. 1999;60:173–175
  12. Fraser IS, Critchley HOD, Munro MG, Broder M. A process designed to lead to international agreement on terminologies and definitions used to describe abnormalities of uterine bleeding. Fertil Steril. 2007;87:466–476
  13. Bragheto AM, Caserta N, Bahamondes L, Petta CA. Effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of adenomyosis diagnosed and monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. Contraception. 2007;76:195–199
  14. Lockhat FB, Emembolu JO, Konje JC. The efficacy, side-effects and continuation rates in women with symptomatic endometriosis undergoing treatment with an intra-uterine administered progestogen (levonorgestrel): a 3-year follow-up. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:789–793
  15. Xiao ML, Wu SC, Chong J, Zeng T, Han LH, Luukkainen T. Therapeutic effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:963–969
  16. Cho S, Nam A, Kim H, Chay D, Park K, Cho DJ, et al. Clinical effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in patients with adenomyosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:373–377
  17. Lockhat FB, Emembolu JE, Konje J. Serum and peritoneal fluid levels of levonorgestrel in women with endometriosis who were treated with an intrauterine contraceptive device containing levonorgestrel. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:398–404
  18. Hurskainen R, Salmi A, Paavonen J, Teperi J, Rutanen E. Expression of sex steroid receptors and Ki-67 in the endometria of menorrhagic women: effects of intrauterine levonorgestrel. Mol Hum Reprod. 2000;6:1013–1018
  19. McGavigan CJ, Dockery P, Metaxa-Mariatou V. Hormonally mediated disturbance of angiogenesis in the human endometrium after exposure to intrauterine levonorgestrel. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:77–84
  20. Gardner FJ, Konje JC, Abrams KR. Endometrial protection from tamoxifen-stimulated changes by a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;356:1711–1717
  21. Vercellini P, De Giorgi O, Oldani S, Cortesi I, Panazza S, Crosignani PG. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate versus an oral contraceptive combined with very-low-dose danazol for long-term treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:396–401
  22. Inki P, Hurskainen R, Palo P, et al. Comparison of ovarian cyst formation in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. hysterectomy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;20:381–385
  23. Bazot M, Cortez A, Darai E, Rouger J, Chopier J, Antoine JM, et al. Ultrasonography compared with magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of adenomyosis: correlation with histopathology. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:2427–2433
  24. Atzori E, Tronci C, Sionis L. Transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of diffuse adenomyosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;42:39–41
  25. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Dorta M, Zanotti F, Brioschi D, Carinelli S. Transvaginal ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of adenomyoma versus leiomyoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167:603–606

 All the work was performed at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University.

☆☆ We would like to thank the Scientific Research Committee of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, for funding this study.

PII: S0010-7824(08)00518-0

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.11.004

Contraception
Volume 79, Issue 3 , Pages 189-193 , March 2009