Contraception
Volume 79, Issue 5 , Pages 334-338 , May 2009

Obesity and oral contraceptive pill failure

  • James Trussell

      Affiliations

    • Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
    • The Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Tel.: +1 609 333 6964; fax: +1 609 258 1039.
  • ,
  • Eleanor Bimla Schwarz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
  • ,
  • Katherine Guthrie

      Affiliations

    • Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Partnership, Hull and East Yorkshire, Hull, HU2 8PX, UK

Received 6 November 2008 ,Accepted 15 November 2008.

References 

  1. Mosher WD, Martinez GM, Chandra A, Abma JC, Wilson SJ. Use of contraception and use of family planning services in the United States: 1982–2002. Advance data from vital and health statistics, no 350. Hyattsville MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2004;
  2. Speerhas R. Drug metabolism in malnutrition and obesity: clinical concerns. Cleve Clin J Med. 1995;62:73–75
  3. Fishman J, Boyar RM, Hellman L. Influence of body weight on estradiol metabolism in young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975;41:989–991
  4. Edelman AB, Carlson NE, Stouffer RL, Cameron JL, Stanczyk FZ, Jensen JT. Impact of obesity on oral contraceptive pharmacokinetics and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian activity: a mechanism for contraceptive failure?. Fertil Steril. 2008;88:S51
  5. Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. J Am Med Assoc. 2006;295:1549–1555
  6. See http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm
  7. Robinson HE, O'Connell CM, Joseph KS, McLeod NL. Maternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by obesity. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:1357–1364
  8. Rode L, Nilas L, Wøjdemann K, Tabor A. Obesity-related complications in Danish single cephalic term pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:537–542
  9. Myles TD, Gooch J, Santolaya J. Obesity as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in patients who undergo cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:959–964
  10. Dark AC, Miller L, Kothenbeutel RL, Mandel L. Obesity and second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation. J Reprod Med. 2002;47:226–230
  11. Marchiano DA, Thomas AG, Lapinski R, Balwan K, Patel J. Intraoperative blood loss and gestational age at pregnancy termination. Prim Care Update Ob/Gyns. 1998;5:204–205
  12. Yu CHK, Teoh TG, Robinson S. Obesity in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;113:1117–1125
  13. Kaneshiro B, Edelman A, Carlson N, Nichols M, Jensen J. The relationship between body mass index and unintended pregnancy: results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Contraception. 2008;77:234–238
  14. Brunner Huber LR, Hogue CJ. The association between body weight, unintended pregnancy resulting in a livebirth, and contraception at the time of conception. Matern Child Health J. 2005;9:413–420
  15. Graham S, Fraser IS. The progestogen-only mini-pill. Contraception. 1982;26:373–387
  16. Vessey MP, Villard-Mackintosh L, Yeates D. Effectiveness of progestogen only oral contraceptives. Br J Fam Plann. 1990;16:79
  17. Vessey M, Painter R. Oral contraceptive failures and body weight: findings in a large cohort study. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2001;27:90–91
  18. Holt VL, Cushing-Haugen KL, Daling JR. Body weight and risk of oral contraceptive failure. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:820–827
  19. Holt VL, Scholes D, Wicklund KG, Cushing-Haugen KL, Daling JR. Body mass index, weight, and oral contraceptive failure risk. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:46–52
  20. Creinin MD, Roberts E. Body mass index, weight, and oral contraceptive failure risk. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:1492
  21. Potter L, Oakley D, de Leon-Wong E, Cañamar R. Measuring compliance among oral contraceptive users. Fam Plann Perspect. 1996;28:154–158
  22. Brunner Huber LR, Hogue CJ. The role of body weight in oral contraceptive failure: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:492–499
  23. Brunner Huber LR, Toth JL. Obesity and oral contraceptive failure: findings from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166:1306–1311
  24. Fu H, Darroch JE, Henshaw SK, Kolb E. Measuring the extent of abortion underreporting in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam Plann Perspect 1998;30:128–33, 138.
  25. Jones RK, Kost K. Underreporting of induced and spontaneous abortion in the United States: an analysis of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Stud Fam Plann. 2007;38:187–197
  26. Brunner Huber LR, Hogue CJ, Stein AD, Drews C, Zieman M. Body mass index and risk for oral contraceptive failure: a case-cohort study in South Carolina. Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16:637–643
  27. Zhang HF, LaGuardia KD, Creanga DL. Higher body weight and body mass index are not associated with reduced efficacy in Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo users. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107:50S
  28. Westhoff C, Reape K, Hait H. Subject weight and oral contraceptive efficacy in recent clinical trials. Contraception. 2008;78:167
  29. Dominik R, Trussell J, Walsh T. Failure rates among perfect users and during perfect use: a distinction that matters. Contraception. 1999;60:315–320
  30. Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2004;70:89–96
  31. Kost K, Singh S, Vaughan B, Trussell J, Bankole A. Estimates of contraceptive failure from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Contraception. 2008;77:10–21
  32. Kaneshiro B, Jensen JT, Carlson NE, Harvey SM, Nichols MD, Edelman AB. Body mass index and sexual behavior. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:586–592
  33. Chuang CH, Chase GA, Bensyl DM, Weisman CS. Contraceptive use by diabetic and obese women. Women's Health Issues. 2005;15:167–173
  34. Advisory Committee for Reproductive Health Drugs. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Volumes I and II. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. January 23–24, 2007. Minutes from that meeting are available online at http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/cder07.htm#rhdac

PII: S0010-7824(08)00546-5

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.11.017

Contraception
Volume 79, Issue 5 , Pages 334-338 , May 2009