Contraception
Volume 80, Issue 6 , Pages 555-560 , December 2009

Use of injectable progestin contraception and risk of STI among South African women

  • Audrey Pettifor

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Fax: +1 919 966 2089.
    • ,
  • Sinead Delany

      Affiliations

    • Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    • ,
  • Immo Kleinschmidt

      Affiliations

    • Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    • ,
  • William C. Miller

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
    • ,
  • Julius Atashili

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
    • ,
  • Helen Rees

      Affiliations

    • Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Received 21 May 2008 ,Revised 2 December 2008 ,Accepted 9 June 2009.

References 

  1. South African Department of Health . National HIV antenatal seroprevalence survey 2005. Pretoria: South African Department of Health; 2006;
  2. Pettifor A, Kleinschmidt I, Levine J, et al. A community based study to examine the effect of a youth HIV prevention intervention on young people age 15–24 in South Africa: results of a baseline survey. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:971–980
  3. Baeten JM, Nyange PM, Richardson BA, et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted disease acquisition: results from a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:380–385
  4. Morrison C, Bright P, Wong E, et al. Hormonal contraceptive use, cervical ectopy, and the acquisition of cervical infections. Sex Transm Dis. 2004;31:561–567
  5. Baeten JM, Lavreys L, Overbaugh J. The influence of hormonal contraceptive use on HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:360–369
  6. South African Department of Health . South African Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Pretoria: South African Department of Health; 2001;
  7. Smit J, Gray A, McFadyen L, Zuma K. Counting the costs: comparing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone oenanthate utilisation patterns in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2001;1:4
  8. World Health Organization . Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004;
  9. Morrison CS, Kwok C, Chen P, et al. Hormonal contraception and the acquisition of cervical chlamydial and gonococcal infections. In: 17th International Society for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research, Seattle, WA. 2007;
  10. Kleinschmidt I, Rees H, Delany S, et al. Injectable progestin contraceptive use and risk of HIV infection in a South African family planning cohort. Contraception. 2007;75:461–467
  11. Wilson J. Managing recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80:8–11
  12. Morrison CS, Richardson BA, Mmiro F, et al. Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition. AIDS. 2007;21:85–95
  13. Bahamondes L, Trevisan M, Andrade L, et al. The effect upon the human vaginal histology of the long-term use of the injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera. Contraception. 2000;62:23–27
  14. Miller L, Patton DL, Meier A, Thwin SS, Hooton TM, Eschenbach DA. Depomedroxyprogesterone-induced hypoestrogenism and changes in vaginal flora and epithelium. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96:431–439
  15. Taha TE, Hoover DR, Dallabetta GA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV. AIDS. 1998;12:1699–1706
  16. Sonnex C. Influence of ovarian hormones on urogenital infection. Sex Transm Infect. 1998;74:11–19
  17. Ford LC, Hammill HA, DeLange RJ, et al. Determination of estrogen and androgen receptors in Trichomonas vaginalis and the effects of antihormones. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;156:1119–1121
  18. Ryu JS, Choi HK, Min DY, Ha SE, Ahn MH. Effect of iron on the virulence of Trichomonas vaginalis. J Parasitol. 2001;87:457–460
  19. Demes P, Gombosova A, Valent M, Fabusova H, Janoska A. Fewer Trichomonas vaginalis organisms in vaginas of infected women during menstruation. Genitourin Med. 1988;64:22–24
  20. Eschenbach DA, Thwin SS, Patton DL, et al. Influence of the normal menstrual cycle on vaginal tissue, discharge, and microflora. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:901–907

☆ Dr. Pettifor's time was supported by the Developmental Awards Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections and Topical Microbicide Cooperative Research Centers (STI-TM CRC) grants to the University of Washington (AI 31448) and the University of North Carolina (AI 31496). The main study was funded through a grant from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

PII: S0010-7824(09)00309-6

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.06.007

Contraception
Volume 80, Issue 6 , Pages 555-560 , December 2009

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