Contraception
Volume 81, Issue 3 , Pages 209-214 , March 2010

Effects of the contraceptive patch and the vaginal ring on bone metabolism and bone mineral density: a prospective, controlled, randomized study

Received 11 March 2009 ,Revised 21 September 2009 ,Accepted 23 September 2009.

References 

  1. Fleischer K, van Vliet HA, Rosendaal FR, Rosing J, Tchaikovski S, Helmerhorst FM. Effects of the contraceptive patch, the vaginal ring and an oral contraceptive on APC resistance and SHBG: a cross-over study. Thromb Res. 2008;123:429–435
  2. Burkman RT. The transdermal contraceptive system. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(4 Suppl):S49–S53
  3. Roumen FJ. Review of the combined contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing®. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4:441–451
  4. Kuohung W, Borgatta L, Stubblefield P. Low-dose oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: an evidence-based analysis. Contraception. 2000;61:77–82
  5. Nappi C, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Acunzo G, et al. Effects of a low-dose and ultra-low-dose combined oral contraceptive use on bone turnover and bone mineral density in young fertile women: a prospective controlled randomized study. Contraception. 2003;67:355–359
  6. Mais V, Fruzzetti F, Ajossa S, Paoletti AM, Guerriero S, Melis GB. Bone metabolism in young women taking a monophasic pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol: a prospective study. Contraception. 1993;48:445–452
  7. Gargano V, Massaro M, Morra I, Formisano C, Di Carlo C, Nappi C. Effects of two low-dose combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone on bone turnover and bone mineral density in young fertile women: a prospective controlled randomized study. Contraception. 2008;78:10–15
  8. Nappi C, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Greco E, et al. Effects of an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone on bone turnover and bone mineral density. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:53–60
  9. Robin SP. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism. CPD Bull Clin Biochem. 1999;1:116–121
  10. Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover for the clinical assessment of metabolic bone disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1990;19:1–18
  11. Del Puente A, Heyse SP, Mandes MG, et al. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in women in southern Italy. Aging (Milano). 1998;10:53–58
  12. Recker RR, Davies KM, Hinders SM, Heaney RP, Stegman MR, Kimmel DB. Bone gain in young adult women. JAMA. 1992;268:2403–2408
  13. Shargil AA. Hormone replacement therapy in perimenopausal women with a triphasic contraceptive compound: a three year prospective study. Int J Fertil. 1985;30:18–28
  14. Lindsay R, Tohme J, Kanders B. The effect of oral contraceptive use on vertebral bone mass in pre- and postmenopausal women. Contraception. 1986;34:333–340
  15. Kleerekoper M, Brienza RS, Schultz LR, Johnson CC. Oral contraceptive use may protect against low bone mass. Henry Ford Hospital Osteoporosis Cooperative Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1971–1976
  16. Gambacciani M, Spinetti A, Taponeco F, Cappagli B, Piaggesi L, Fioretti P. Longitudinal evaluation of perimenopausal vertebral bone loss: effects of a low-dose oral contraceptive preparation on bone mineral density and metabolism. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83:392–396
  17. Volpe A, Amram A, Cagnacci A, Battaglia C. Biochemical aspects of hormonal contraception: effects on bone metabolism. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 1997;2:123–126
  18. Mazess RB, Barden HS. Bone density in premenopausal women: effects of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:132–142
  19. Rodin A, Chapman M, Fogelman I. Bone density in users of combined oral contraception: preliminary reports of a pilot study. Br J Fam Plann. 1991;16:125–129
  20. Murphy S, Khaw KT, Compston JE. Lack of relationship between hip and spine bone mineral density and oral contraceptive use. Eur J Clin Invest. 1993;23:108–111
  21. Lloyd T, Buchanan JR, Ursino GR, Myers C, Woodward G, Halbert DR. Long-term oral contraceptive use does not affect trabecular bone mineral density. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;160:402–404
  22. Tuppurainen M, Kroger H, Saarikoski S, Honkanen R, Alhava E. The effect of previous oral contraceptive use on bone mineral density in perimenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 1994;4:93–98
  23. Massai R, Mäkäräinen L, Kuukankorpi A, Klipping C, Duijkers I, Dieben T. The combined contraceptive vaginal ring and bone mineral density in healthy pre-menopausal women. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:2764–2768
  24. Eyre DR. New biomarkers of bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:470A–C
  25. Jergas M, Genant HK. Lateral dual X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine: current status. Bone. 1997;4:311–314

PII: S0010-7824(09)00421-1

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.09.011

Contraception
Volume 81, Issue 3 , Pages 209-214 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution