Contraception
Volume 81, Issue 5 , Pages 367-371 , May 2010

Use of the Mirena™ LNG-IUS and Paragard™ CuT380A intrauterine devices in nulliparous women: Release date 15 December 2009 SFP Guideline 20092

References 

  1. Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson A, Cates W, Stewart F, Kowal D. Contraceptive technology 19th edition; 2008.
  2. ACOG Practice Bulletin #59. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:223
  3. The Guttmacher Institute . Facts on contraceptive use. Jan 2008. Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_contr_use.pdf(Accessed March 2009)
  4. National Survey of Family Growth 2002, Centers for disease control and prevention.
  5. Stanwood NL, Garrett JM, Konrad TR. Obstetrician–gynecologists and the intrauterine device: a survey of attitudes and practice. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:275–280[Evidence grade: II-2]
  6. Stubbs E, Schamp A. The evidence is in. Why are IUDs still out? Family physicians' perceptions of risk and indications. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54:560–566[Evidence grade: II-2]
  7. Wellings K, Zhihong Z, Krentel A, Barretta G, Glasier A. Attitudes towards long-acting reversible methods of contraception in general practice in the UK. Contraception. 2007;76(3):208–214[Evidence grade: II-2]
  8. Stanwood NL, Bradley KA. Young women's knowledge of modern intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(6):1417–1422[Evidence grade: II-2]
  9. Asker C, Stokes-Lampard H, Beavan J, Wilson S. What is it about intrauterine devices that women find unacceptable? Factors that make women non-users: a qualitative study. J Fam Plan Reprod Health Care. 2006;32(2):89–94[Evidence grade: II-2]
  10. Available online at: http://www.paragard.com/health_care_professional/global/pdf/Prescribing-Info.pdf (Accessed March 2009).
  11. Available online at: http://berlex.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/Mirena_PI.pdf (Accessed March 2009).
  12. World Health Organization . Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. 2004;updated 2008. Available online at: http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/mec/mec.pdf
  13. Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M, Jakobsson T, Rauramo I. Clinical performance of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and oral contraceptives in young nulliparous women: a comparative study. Contraception. 2004;69(5):407–412[Evidence grade: I]
  14. Brockmeyer A, Kishen M, Webb A. Experience of IUD/IUS insertions and clinical performance in nulliparous women — a pilot study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2008;13(3):248–254[Evidence grade: II-2]
  15. Wildemeersch D, Janssens D, Vrijens M, Weyers S. Ease of insertion, contraceptive efficacy and safety of new T-shaped levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems. Contraception. 2005;71(6):465–469[Evidence grade: III]
  16. Wildemeersch D, Janssens D, Andrade A. The Femilis LNG-IUS: contraceptive performance — an interim analysis. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2009;14(2):103–110[Evidence grade: III]
  17. Prager S, Darney PD. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in nulliparous women. Contraception. 2007;75(Suppl):S12–5
  18. Sivin I, Stern J, Coutinho E, et al. Prolonged intrauterine contraception: a seven year randomized study of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T380 Ag IUDs. Contraception. 1991;44:473–480Evidence grade: I]
  19. Veldhuis H, Vos A, Lagro-Janssen A. Complications of the intrauterine device in nulliparous and parous women. Eur J Gen Pract. 2004;10(3):82–87[Evidence grade: III]
  20. Dueñas JL, Albert A, Carrasco F. Intrauterine contraception in nulligravid vs parous women. Contraception. 1996;53(1):23–24[Evidence grade: II-3]
  21. Hubacher D. Copper intrauterine device use by nulliparous women: review of side effects. Contraception. 2007;75(Suppl):S8–11[Evidence grade: I]
  22. Rivera R, Chen-Mok M, McMullen S. Analysis of client characteristics that may affect early discontinuation of the TCu-380A IUD. Contraception. 1999 Sep;60(3):155–160[Evidence grade: III]
  23. Caliskan E, Oztürk N, Dilbaz BO, Dilbaz S. Analysis of risk factors associated with uterine perforation by intrauterine devices. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2003;8(3):150–155[Evidence grade: III]
  24. Tatum HJ, Schmidt FH, Phillips D, McCarty M, O'Leary WM. The Dalkon Shield controversy. Structural and bacteriological studies of IUD tails. JAMA. 1975;231(7):711–717[Evidence grade: III]
  25. Ebi KL, Piziali RL, Rosenberg M, et al. Evidence against tailstrings increasing the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease among IUD users. Contraception. 1996;53:25;[Evidence grade: III]
  26. Lee NC, Rubin GL, Ory HW, Burkman RT. Type of intrauterine device and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol. 1983;62:1–6[Evidence grade: III]
  27. Lee NC, Rubin GL, Borucki R. The intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease revisited: new results from the Women's Health Study. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:1–6[Evidence grade: II-2]
  28. Farley TM, Rosenberg MJ, Rowe PJ, Chen JH, Meirik O. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: an international perspective. Lancet. 1992;339(8796):785–788[Evidence grade: II-3]
  29. Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection: three years' comparative experience of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77(2):261–264[Evidence grade: I]
  30. Randic L, Vlasic S, Matrljan I, Waszak CS. Return to fertility after IUD removal for planned pregnancy. Contraception. 1985;32(3):253–259[Evidence grade: III]
  31. Hubacher D, Lara-Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, Guerra-Infante F, Guzman-Rodriguez R. Use of copper intrauterine devices and the risk of tubal infertility among nulligravid women. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:561;[Evidence grade: II-1]
  32. Farmer M, Webb A. Intrauterine device insertion-related complications: can they be predicted?. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2003;29:227–231[Evidence grade: III]
  33. Hubacher D. Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1272–1277[Evidence grade: I]
  34. Fiala C, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Tang OS, von Hertzen H. Cervical priming with misoprostol prior to transcervical procedures. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99(Suppl 2):68–71[Evidence grade: II-2]
  35. Sääv I, Aronsson A, Marions L, Stephansson O, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Cervical priming with sublingual misoprostol prior to insertion of an intrauterine device in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(10):2647–2652[Evidence grade: I]
  36. Allen RH, Bartz D, Grimes DA, Hubacher D, O'Brien P. Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):Art. No.: CD007373 [Evidence grade: I]
  37. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 392. Intrauterine device and adolescents Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 110(6):1493–5 [Evidence grade: III].
  38. Finer LB, Henshaw SK. Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2006;38(2):90–96[Evidence grade: II-2]
  39. Gold MA, Johnson LM. Intrauterine devices and adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;20(5):464–469[Evidence grade: III]
  40. Otero-Flores JB, Guerrero-Carreño FJ, Vázquez-Estrada LA. A comparative randomized study of three different IUDs in nulliparous Mexican women. Contraception. 2003;67(4):273–276[Evidence grade: II-2]
  41. Sivin I. Problems in the conduct and analysis of “a comparative randomized study of three different IUDs in nulliparous Mexican women”. Contraception. 2004;69(3):259–260[Evidence grade: III]
  42. O'Brien PA, Kulier R, Helmerhorst FM, Usher-Patel M, d'Arcangues C. Copper-containing, framed intrauterine devices for contraception: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Contraception. 2008;77(5):318–327[Evidence grade: I]

PII: S0010-7824(10)00011-9

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.01.010

Contraception
Volume 81, Issue 5 , Pages 367-371 , May 2010