Contraception
Volume 82, Issue 6 , Pages 491-496 , December 2010

Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on cervical mucus quality and sperm penetrability

Received 16 April 2010 ,Revised 2 June 2010 ,Accepted 7 June 2010.

References 

  1. Ola B, Afnan M, Papaioannou S, Sharif K, Bjorndahl L, Coomarasamy A. Accuracy of sperm-cervical mucus penetration tests in evaluating sperm motility in semen: a systemic quantitative review. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:1037–1046
  2. Brache V, Faundes A, Johansson E, Alvarez F. Anovulation, inadequate luteal phase and poor sperm penetration in cervical mucus during prolonged use of Norplant® implants. Contraception. 1985;31:261–273
  3. Croxatto HB, Diaz S, Salvatierra AM, Morales P, Ebensperger C, Brandeis A. Treatment with Norplant® subdermal implants inhibits sperm penetration through cervical mucus in vitro. Contraception. 1987;36:193–201
  4. Kesserü E, Camacho-Ortega P, Laudahn G, Schöpflin G. In vitro action of progestogens on sperm migration in the human cervical mucus. ICRS J Int Res Commun. 1974;2:1152
  5. Moghissi KS, Marks C. Effects of microdose norgestrel on endogenous gonadotropic and steroid hormones, cervical mucus properties, vaginal cytology, and endometrium. Fertil Steril. 1971;22:424–434
  6. Barbosa I, Bakos O, Olsson SE, Odlind V, Johansson EDB. Ovarian function during use of a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD. Contraception. 1990;42:51–66
  7. Barbosa I, Olsson SE, Odlind V, Goncalves T, Coutinho E. Ovarian function after seven years' use of a levonorgestrel IUD. Adv Contracept. 1995;11:85–95
  8. World Health Organization . WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. 4th ed.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1999;
  9. Kremer J. A simple sperm penetration test. Int J Fertil. 1965;10:209–215
  10. Eggert-Kruse W, Leinos G, Gerhard I, Tilgen W, Runnebaum B. Prognostic value of in vitro sperm penetration into hormonally standardized human cervical mucus. Fertil Steril. 1989;51:317–323
  11. Eggert-Kruse W, Gerhard I, Tilgen W, Runnebaum B. Clinical significance of crossed in vitro sperm-cervical mucus penetration test in infertility investigation. Fertil Steril. 1989;52:1032–1040
  12. Guzick DS, Overstreet JW, Factor-Litvak P, et al. Sperm morphology, motility, and concentration in fertile and infertile men. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1388–1393

☆ This study was presented orally as a Scientific Prize Paper Candidate and recipient of the Researcher In-Training Award at the 65th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in Atlanta, GA, USA, on October 21, 2009. The study was funded through an educational grant from an anonymous donor. The sponsor had no role in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation or report writing.

PII: S0010-7824(10)00359-8

doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.06.006

Contraception
Volume 82, Issue 6 , Pages 491-496 , December 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution