Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 9, ISSUE 4, P333-345, April 1974

Download started.

Ok

Physiological aspects of vaginal contraception a review

      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      Some aspects of vaginal contraception are briefly reviewed with particular reference to recent suggestions for new approaches to this method of conception control. Concepts pertinent to application for human use are stressed.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Contraception
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Ryder N.B.
        • Westoff C.F.
        Reproduction in the United States 1965.
        Princeton University Press, Princeton1971
        • Westoff C.F.
        The modernization of U.S. contraceptive practice.
        Fam Plann Perspect. 1972; 4: 9
        • Sollins A.D.
        Commercial production and distribution of contraceptives.
        Reports on Population/Family Planning. 1970; 4: 1
        • Ishihama A.
        • Inoye T.
        Clinical field test of a new contraceptive vaginal foam tablet.
        Contraception. 1972; 6: 401
      1. Second edition. Contraception. I.P.P.F. Medical Handbook. International Planned Parenthood Federation, London1965
        • MacLeod J.
        • Sobrero A.J.
        • Inglis W.
        Math Eq assessment of commercial contraceptive jellies and creams.
        JAMA. 1961; 176: 427
        • Sobrero A.J.
        Evaluation of vaginal chemical products.
        in: Second edition. Manual of Family Planning and Contraceptive Practice. William & Wilkins, Baltimore1970: 275
        • Lichtman A.
        • Davajan V.
        • Tucker D.
        C-Film: A new vaginal contraceptive.
        Contraception. 1973; 8: 291
        • Sobrero A.J.
        Evaluation of a new contraceptive.
        Fertil Steril. 1960; 11: 518
        • Sobrero A.J.
        • MacLeod J.
        The immediate post-coital test.
        Fertil Steril. 1962; 13: 184
        • Davajan V.
        • Nakamura R.M.
        • Kharma K.
        Spermatozoa transport in cervical mucus.
        Obstet Gynecol Survey. 1970; 25: 1
        • Moghissi K.S.
        The function of the cervix in fertility.
        Fertil Steril. 1972; 23: 295
        • Johnson V.E.
        • Masters W.H.
        Intravaginal contraceptive study. Phase 1. Anatomy.
        Western J Surg. 1962; 70: 202
        • Johnson V.E.
        • Masters W.H.
        • Lewis K.C.
        The physiology of intravaginal contraceptive failure.
        in: Second edition. Manual of Family Planning and Contraceptive Practice. Williams & Wilkinson, Baltimore1970: 232
      2. Bernstein, G. S. Conventional methods of contraception: Condom, diaphragm, and vaginal foam. Clin Obstet Gynecol In press.

        • Hardy N.R.
        • Wood C.
        Vaginal contraception.
        in: Potts M. Wood C. New Concepts in Contraception. University Park Press, Baltimore1972: 103
        • Hartman C.G.
        Annotated list of published reports on clinical trials with contraceptives.
        Fertil Steril. 1959; 10: 177
        • Tietze C.
        The clinical effectiveness of contraceptive methods.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1959; 78: 650
        • Mann T.
        Spermiostatic, spermicidal, and antispermatogenic substances.
        in: The Biochemistry of Semen and of the Male Reproductive Tract. Methuen & Co. Ltd, London1964: 379
        • MacLeod J.
        Sulfhydryl groups in relation to the metabolism and motility of human spermatozoa.
        J Gen Physiol. 1951; 34: 705
        • Harvey C.
        • Stuckey R.E.
        Spermicidal activity of surface-active agents.
        J Reprod Fertil. 1962; 3: 124
        • Koefoed-Johnson H.H.
        • Mann T.
        Studies on the metabolism of semen, a. Effect of surface-active agents with special reference to the oxidation of succinate by spermatozoa.
        Biochem J. 1954; 57: 406
      3. Bernstein, G.S., Trifunac, N. and Jecht, E. The effect of a non-ionic surface-active agent on the motility and metabolism of human spermatozoa. Submitted for publication.

        • Dasgupta P.R.
        • Kar A.B.
        • Dhar M.L.
        Spermicidal activity of urea.
        Indian J Exp Biol. 1971; 9: 414
        • Bernstein G.S.
        Effect of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Versene) on motility, oxygen consumption and anaerobic fructolysis of human sperm.
        Fertil Steril. 1958; 9: 120
        • White I.G.
        Studies of the spermicidic activity of chelating agents.
        Austral J Biol Sci. 1955; 3: 387
        • White I.G.
        The interaction between metals and chelating agents in mammalian spermatozoa.
        J Exp Biol. 1956; 33: 422
        • White I.G.
        The toxicity of heavy metals to mammalian spermatozoa.
        Austral J. Exp Biol & Med Sci. 1955; 33: 359
        • Jecht E.W.
        • Bernstein G.S.
        The influence of copper on the motility of human spermatozoa.
        Contraception. 1973; 7: 381
        • Loewit K.
        Immobilization of human spermatozoa with iron. Bais for a new contraceptive?.
        Contraception. 1971; 3: 219
        • Kesseru E.
        • Camacho-Ortega P.
        Influence of metals on Math Eq sperm migration in the human cervical mucus.
        Contraception. 1972; 6: 231
        • Ullmann G.
        • Hammerstein J.
        Inhibition of sperm Math Eq by copper wire.
        Contraception. 1972; 6: 71
        • Loewit K.
        • Zambelis N.
        • Egg D.
        Contraceptive effect of iron. Reduced fertility after vaginal application of iron chloride in rats.
        Contraception. 1971; 4: 91
        • Loewit K.
        • Fodisch H.-J.
        • Zambelis N.
        • Egg D.
        Contraceptive effect of iron: Local compatibility of vaginally applied iron in rats and mice.
        Contraception. 1972; 6: 65
        • Loewit K.
        • Riccabona G.
        • Zambelis N.
        • Egg D.
        Contraceptive effect of iron. Evaluation of the vaginal iron reabsorption in rats.
        Contraception. 1972; 5: 515
        • Bernstein G.S.
        Clinical effectiveness of an aerosol contraceptive foam.
        Contraception. 1970; 3: 37
        • Mishell Jr., D.R.
        • Lumkin M.
        • Stone S.
        Inhibition of ovulation with cyclic use of progestogen-impregnated intravaginal devices.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972; 113: 927
        • Henzl M.R.
        • Mishell Jr., D.R.
        • Velazquez J.G.
        • Leitch W.E.
        Basic studies for prolonged progestogen administration by vaginal devices.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973; 117: 101
        • Shirodkar V.N.
        The Shirodkar Technique for a contraceptive vaginal hood.
        J Reprod Med. 1971; 7: 1
        • Hartman C.G.
        The permeability of the vaginal mucosa.
        Ann NY Acad Sci. 1959; 83: 319
        • Masters W.H.
        • Johnson V.E.
        The Vagina.
        in: Human Sexual Response. Little, Brown & Co, Boston1966: 68
        • Vargas-Linares C.E.Roig De
        • Perez-Elizalde R.
        • Domeueca V.B.De
        Cyclic variations in the immunoglobulins of human vaginal fluid.
        Acta Physiol Lat Am. 1971; 21: 158
        • Waldman R.H.
        • Cruz J.M.
        • Rowe D.S.
        Immunoglobulin levels and antibody to Math Eq in human cervicovaginal secretions.
        Clin Exp Immunol. 1971; 9: 427
        • Bolch O.K.
        • Warren J.C.
        Math Eq effects of Emko on Math Eq and Math Eq.
        Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973; 115: 1145
        • Singh B.
        • Cutler J.C.
        • Utidjian H.M.D.
        Studies on the development of a vaginal preparation providing both prophylaxis against venereal disease and other genital infections and contraception. II. Effect Math Eq of vaginal contraceptive and non-contraceptive preparations on Math Eq and Math Eq.
        Br J Vener Dis. 1972; 48: 57
        • Singh B.
        • Cutler J.C.
        • Utidjian H.M.D.
        Studies on development of a vaginal preparation providing both prophylaxis against venereal disease, other genital infections, and contraception. III. Math Eq effect of vaginal contraceptive and selected vaginal preparations of Math Eq and Math Eq.
        Contraception. 1972; 5: 401
        • Johnson V.E.
        • Masters W.H.
        A product of dual import. Intravaginal infection control and conception control.
        Pacif Med Surg. 1965; 73: 267
        • Edwards W.M.
        A study of progonasyl using prostitutes in Nevada's legal houses of prostitution.
        J Reprod Med. 1973; 11: 81
        • Stambaugh R.
        • Brackett B.G.
        • Mastroianni L.
        Inhibition of Math Eq fertilization of rabbit ova by trypsin inhibitors.
        Biol Reprod. 1969; 1: 223
        • Zaneveld L.J.D.
        • Robertson R.T.
        • Kessler M.
        • Williams W.L.
        Inhibition of fertilization Math Eq by pancreatic and seminal plasma trypsin inhibitors.
        J Reprod Fertil. 1971; 25: 387
        • Zaneveld L.J.D.
        • Robertson R.T.
        • Williams W.L.
        Synthetic enzyme inhibitors as antifertility agents.
        FEBS Letters. 1970; 11: 345
        • Zaneveld L.J.D.
        • Schumacher G.F.B.
        • Fritz H.
        • Fink E.
        • Jaumann E.
        Interaction of human sperm proteinase with human seminal plasma proteinase inhibitors.
        J Reprod Fertil. 1973; 32: 525
        • Edwards R.G.
        • Bavister B.D.
        • Steptal P.C.
        Early stages of fertilization Math Eq of human oocytes matured Math Eq.
        Nature. 1969; 221: 632
        • Soupart P.
        • Morgenstern L.L.
        Human sperm capacitation and Math Eq fertilization.
        Fertil Steril. 1973; 24: 462
        • Edwards R.G.
        Transmission of antibodies across membranes of the reproductive tracts.
        in: Edwards R.G. Immunology and Reproduction. I.P.P.F, London1969: 28
        • Shulman S.
        Immunologic barriers to fertility.
        Obstet Gynecol Survey. 1972; 27: 553
        • Parish W.E.
        • Carron-Brown J.A.
        • Richards C.B.
        The detection of antibodies to spermatozoa and to blood group antigens in cervical mucus.
        J Reprod Fertil. 1967; 13: 469
        • Straus E.K.
        Sperm immobilization in the human vagina by induced mucoantibody.
        Fertil Steril. 1965; 16: 346