A new low-dose estrogen oral contraceptive combination: Effect on endocrine parameters and lipid status

References

1. • Fraser I.S.
   A health perspective of hormonal contraceptives.
   Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1986; 134: 33
   • Google Scholar
2. • Plunkett E.R.
   Contraceptive steroid age and the cardiovascular system.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 747
   • Google Scholar
3. • Royal College of General Practitioners
   Oral contraception study: mortality among oral contraceptive users.
   Lancet. 1977; ii: 727
   • Google Scholar
4. • Vessey M.P.
   • Mc Pherson K.
   • Johnson B.
   Mortality among women participating in Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study.
   Lancet. 1977; ii: 731
   • Google Scholar
5. • Fotherby K.
   Oral contraceptives, lipids and cardiovascular disease.
   Contraception. 1985; 31: 367
   • Google Scholar
6. • Wynn V.
   • Niththyananthan R.
   The effect of progestins in combined oral contraceptives on serum lipids with special reference to high-density lipoproteins.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 766
   • Google Scholar
7. • Mann J.I.
   Progestogens in cardiovascular disease: An introduction to epidemiological data.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 752
   • Google Scholar
8. • Kay C.R.
   Progestogens and arterial disease: Evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' study.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 762
   • Google Scholar
9. • Meade T.W.
   Effects of progestogens on the cardiovascular system.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 776
   • Google Scholar
10. • Gordon T.
    • Castelli W.P.
    • Hjortland M.C.
    • Konnel W.B.
    • Danber T.R.
    The Framingham study — High density lipoproteins as a protective factor against coronary heart disease.
    Am J Med. 1977; 62: 707
    • Google Scholar
11. • Miller N.E.
    The evidence for the antiatherogenicity of high density lipoprotein in man.
    Lipids. 1978; 13: 914
    • Google Scholar
12. High-density lipoproteins.
    Lancet. 1981; i (Anonymous): 478
    • Google Scholar
13. • Bradley D.D.
    • Wingerd J.
    • Petitti D.B.
    • Krauss R.H.
    • Ramcharan S.
    Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women using oral contraceptives, estrogens and progestins.
    N Engl J Med. 1978; 299: 17
    • Google Scholar
14. • Silfverstolpe G.
    • Johnson P.
    • Samsioe G.
    • Svanborg A.
    • Gustafson A.
    Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women.
    Acta Endocrinol. 1981; 96: 527
    • Google Scholar
15. • Bagget B.
    • Nash H.A.
    Effects of contraceptive steroids on serum lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease scrutinized at workshop in Bethesda. Contraception. 21. 1980: 115
    • Google Scholar
16. • Powell M.G.
    • Hedlin A.M.
    • Cerskus I.
    • Kakis G.
    • Prudham D.
    • Rosenrot P.
    Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein lipids: A prospective study.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1984; 63: 764
    • Google Scholar
17. • Astedt B.
    Oral contraception and some debatable side effects.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1982; 105: 17
    • Google Scholar
18. • Bottinger L.D.
    • Bomarigeklund G.
    • Westerholm B.
    Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. Effects of lowering estrogen content.
    Lancet. 1980; i: 1099
    • Google Scholar
19. • Meade T.W.
    • Greenberg G.
    • Thompon S.G.
    Progestogens and cardiovascular reactions associated with oral contraceptives and a comparison of the safety of 50- and 30-mcg oestrogen preparations.
    Br Med J. 1980; 280: 1157
    • Google Scholar
20. • Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study
    Further analyses of mortality in oral contraceptive users.
    Lancet. 1981; i: 541
    • Google Scholar
21. • Bergink E.W.
    • Borglin N.E.
    • Klottrup P.
    Effects of desogestrel and levonorgestrel in low dose oestrogen oral contraceptives on serum lipoproteins.
    Contraception. 1982; 25: 477
    • Google Scholar
22. • Knoop R.H.
    • Walden C.E.
    • Wahl P.N.
    • Hoover J.
    Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein, triglyceride and cholesterol: Relationships to estrogen and progestin potency.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 725
    • Google Scholar
23. • Hirvonen E.
    • Maelkoenen M.
    • Mamminen V.
    Effects of different progestogens on lipoproteins during postmenopausal replacement therapy.
    N Engl J Med. 1981; 304: 560
    • Google Scholar
24. • Tikkanen M.J.
    • Nikkila E.A.
    • Kuusi T.
    • Sipinen S.
    Different effects of two progestins on plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL2) and postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity.
    Atherosclerosis. 1981; 40: 365
    • Google Scholar
25. • Silfverstolpe G.
    • Gustafson A.
    • Samsioe G.
    • Svanborg A.
    Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women — Effects of three different progestogens.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1979; 88: 89
    • Google Scholar
26. • Larsson-Cohn V.
    • Wallentin L.
    • Zadar G.
    Effects of three different combinations of ethinyloestradiol and levonorgestrel on plasma lipids and high-density lipoproteins.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1979; 88: 57
    • Google Scholar
27. • Bergink E.W.
    • Holma P.
    • Pyorala T.
    Effects of oral contraceptive combination containing levonorgestrel or desogestrel on serum proteins and binding.
    Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1983; 41: 663
    • Google Scholar
28. • Madden J.D.
    • Milewich L.
    • Parker C.R.
    The effect of oral contraceptive treatment on the serum concentration of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1978; 132: 380
    • Google Scholar
29. • Fern M.
    • Rose D.P.
    • Fern E.B.
    Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma androgenic steroid and their precursors.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1978; 51: 541
    • Google Scholar
30. • Wiebe R.H.
    • Morris C.V.
    Effect of an oral contraceptive on adrenal and ovarian androgenic steroids.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1984; 63: 12
    • Google Scholar
31. • El Makhzangy M.N.
    • Wynn V.
    • Lawrence D.M.
    Sex hormone binding globulin capacity as an index of oestrogenicity or androgenicity in women on oral contraceptive steroids.
    Clin Endocrinol. 1979; 10: 39
    • Google Scholar
32. • Larsson-Cohn V.
    • Fahraeus L.
    • Wallentin L.
    • Zador G.
    Effects of the estrogenicity of levonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol combinations on the lipoprotein status.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1982; 105: 37
    • Google Scholar
33. • De Backer G.
    • Rossenev M.
    • Deslypere J.P.
    Discriminative value of lipids and apoproteins in coronary heart disease.
    Atherosclerosis. 1982; 42: 197
    • Google Scholar
34. • Kim H.J.
    • Kalkhoff R.K.
    Sex steroid influence on triglyceride metabolism.
    J Clin Invest. 1975; 56: 888
    • Google Scholar