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Abstract
A 20 micrograms/24 hours levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device
(LNG-IUD) has, in an open randomized multicenter study, been compared to the copper-releasing
device Nova T during 5 years of use; 1821 women had the LNG-IUD and 937 women had
the Nova T inserted. The 5-year cumulative gross pregnancy rate was 5.9 % for Nova
T and 0.5% for the LNG-IUD. The local effect of levonorgestrel in the uterine cavity
causes reduction of menstrual blood loss and development of oligo-amenorrhea, and
the termination rates because of heavy and/or prolonged menstrual flow were significantly
(P < 0.001) lower among LNG-IUD users. However, the gross termination rate because of
amenorrhea was 6.0 in this group. Hb increased during use of the LNG-IUD and decreased
during Nova T use, and the difference between the devices was statistically significant.
The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was low in LNG-IUD users regardless
of age, whereas in the Nova T group, the PID rate was increased among the youngest
women, which makes the difference between the devices significant (P < 0.01). The gross termination rate for reasons considered to be hormonal was 12.1
in the LNG-IUD group compared to 2.0 in the Nova T group (P < 0.001).
The LNG-IUD is a long-acting reversible contraceptive method for 5 years with a pregnancy
rate comparable to female sterilization. The incidence of PID is low even in young
women. In addition, the positive health effects such as decreased menstrual blood
loss and increased blood haemoglobin concentration make the LNG-IUD a favorable combination
of hormonal and intrauterine contraception.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
November 24,
1993
Received:
January 11,
1993
Identification
Copyright
© 1994 Published by Elsevier Inc.
