Advertisement
Research Article|Articles in Press, 109979

Just world beliefs and community-level abortion stigma: An exploratory survey

      Abstract

      Objectives

      This study aimed to evaluate whether belief in a just world is associated with community-level abortion stigma.

      Study design

      From December 2020 to June 2021, we conducted a national U.S. survey of 911 adults using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Survey respondents completed both the Community-Level Abortion Stigma Scale and Global Belief in a Just World Scale. We used linear regression to evaluate the association between just-world beliefs, demographic characteristics, and community-level abortion stigma.

      Results

      The mean Global Belief in a Just World Scale score was 25.8. The mean Community-Level Abortion Stigma Scale score was 2.6. The strength of just-world beliefs (β = 0.7), male gender (β = 4.1), a history of a previous pregnancy (β = 3.1), post college education (β = 2.8), and strength of religious beliefs (β = 0.3) were associated with higher community-level abortion stigma. Asian race was associated with lower community-level abortion stigma (β = −7.2).

      Conclusions

      After controlling for demographic characteristics, strong just-world beliefs were associated with higher community-level abortion stigma.

      Implications

      Understanding just-world beliefs may provide a potential target for stigma-reduction strategies.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Contraception
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

      1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Facts are important: abortion is healthcare. 〈https://www.acog.org/advocacy/facts-are-important/abortion-is-healthcare〉 (accessed October 21, 2022).

        • Jones R.K.
        • Jerman J.
        Population group abortion rates and lifetime incidence of abortion: United States, 2008-2014.
        Am J Public Health. 2017; 107: 1904-1909https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042
        • Bommaraju A.
        • Kavanaugh M.L.
        • Hou M.Y.
        • Bessett D.
        Situating stigma in stratified reproduction: abortion stigma and miscarriage stigma as barriers to reproductive healthcare.
        Sex Reprod Healthc. 2016; 10: 62-69https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2016.10.008
        • Harris L.H.
        • Debbink M.
        • Martin L.
        • Hassinger J.
        Dynamics of stigma in abortion work: findings from a pilot study of the Providers Share Workshop.
        Soc Sci Med. 2011; 73: 1062-1070https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.004
        • Kumar A.
        • Hessini L.
        • Mitchell E.M.H.
        Conceptualising abortion stigma.
        Cult Health Sex. 2009; 11: 625-639https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050902842741
        • Cockrill K.
        • Nack A.
        "I'm not that type of person": managing the stigma of having an abortion.
        Deviant Behav. 2013; 34: 973-990https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.800423
        • Milin R.
        • Kutcher S.
        • Lewis S.
        • Walker S.
        • Wei Y.
        • Ferrill N.
        • et al.
        Impact of a mental health curriculum on knowledge and stigma among high school students: a randomized controlled trial.
        J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55: 383-391https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.018
        • Kohls E.
        • Coppens E.
        • Hug J.
        • Wittevrongel E.
        • Van Audenhove C.
        • Koburger N.
        • et al.
        Public attitudes toward depression and help-seeking: impact of the OSPI-Europe depression awareness campaign in four European regions.
        J Affect Disord. 2017; 217: 252-259https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.006
        • Cockrill K.
        • Biggs A.
        Can stories reduce abortion stigma? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study.
        Cult Health Sex. 2018; 20: 335-350https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1346202
        • Cutler A.S.
        • Lundsberg L.S.
        • White M.A.
        • Standwood N.L.
        • Gariepy A.M.
        The impact of first-person abortion stories on community-level abortion stigma: a randomized trial.
        Women's Health Issues. 2022; 32: 578-585https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2022.06.006
        • Furnham A.
        Belief in a just world: research progress over the past decade.
        Personal Individ Differ. 2003; 34: 795-817
        • Lerner M.J.
        The belief in a just world: a fundamental delusion.
        Plenum Press, New York1980
        • Sutton R.M.
        • Winnard E.J.
        Looking ahead through lenses of justice: the relevance of just-world beliefs to intentions and confidence in the future.
        Br J Soc Psychol. 2007; 46: 649-666https://doi.org/10.1348/014466606X166220
        • Hafer C.L.
        • Bègue L.
        Experimental research on just-world theory: problems, developments, and future challenges.
        Psychol Bull. 2005; 131: 128-167https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128
        • Rudski J.
        Public perspectives on expanding naloxone access to reverse opioid overdoses.
        Subst Use Misuse. 2016; 51: 1771-1780https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1197267
        • Lambert A.J.
        • Raichle K.
        The role of political ideology in mediating judgments of blame in rape victims and their assailants: a test of the just world, personal responsibility, and legitimization hypotheses.
        Personal Soc Psychol Bull. 2000; 26: 853-863https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200269010
        • Ebneter D.S.
        • Latner J.D.
        • O’Brien K.S.
        Just world beliefs, causal beliefs, and acquaintance: associations with stigma toward eating disorders and obesity.
        Personal Individ Differ. 2011; 51: 618-622https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.05.029
        • Stewart N.
        • Ungemach C.
        • Harris A.J.L.
        • Bartels D.M.
        • Newell B.R.
        • Paolacci G.
        • et al.
        The average laboratory samples a population of 7,300 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers.
        Judgm Decis Mak. 2015; 10: 479-491https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-852951
        • Casler K.
        • Bickel L.
        • Hackett E.
        Separate but equal? A comparison of participants and data gathered via Amazon’s Mturk, social media, and face-to-face behavioral testing.
        Comput Human Behav. 2013; 29: 2156-2160https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.009
        • Hauser D.J.
        • Schwarz N.
        Attentive Turkers: Mturk participants perform better on online attention checks than do subject pool participants.
        Behav Res Methods. 2016; 48: 400-407https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0578-z
        • Harris P.A.
        • Taylor R.
        • Thielke R.
        • Payne J.
        • Gonzalez N.
        • Conde J.G.
        Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support.
        J Biomed Inform. 2009; 42: 377-381https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
        • Harris P.A.
        • Taylor R.
        • Minor B.L.
        • Elliott B.
        • Fernandez M.
        • O’neal L.
        • et al.
        The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners.
        J Biomed Inform. 2019; 95103208https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208
        • Lipkus I.
        The construction and preliminary validation of a global belief in a just world scale and the exploratory analysis of the multidimensional belief in a just world scale.
        Personal Individ Differ. 1991; 12: 1171-1178https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90081-L
        • Reich B.
        • Wang X.
        And justice for all: revisiting the Global Belief in a Just World Scale.
        Personal Individ Differ. 2015; 78: 68-76https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.031
        • Hellman C.M.
        • Muilenburg-Trevino E.M.
        • Worley J.A.
        The belief in a just world: an examination of reliability estimates cross three measures.
        J Personal Assess. 2008; 90: 399-401https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802108238
        • Bertrams A.
        Cultural context and the relationship between autistic traits and belief in a just world.
        Personal Individ Differ. 2021; 173110642https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110642
        • Brownfield J.M.
        • Flores M.J.
        • Morgan S.K.
        • Allen L.R.
        • Marszalek J.M.
        Development and psychometric properties of the Evasive Attitudes of Sexual Orientation Scale (EASOS).
        Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2018; 5: 44-56https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000256
        • Sorhaindo A.M.
        • Karver T.S.
        • Karver J.G.
        • Garcia S.G.
        Constructing a validated scale to measure community-level abortion stigma in Mexico.
        Contraception. 2016; 93: 421-431https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2016.01.013
        • Cutler A.S.
        • Lundsberg L.S.
        • White M.A.
        • Stanwood N.L.
        • Gariepy A.M.
        Characterizing community-level abortion stigma in the United States.
        Contraception. 2021; 104: 305-313https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2021.03.021
        • Cartwright A.F.
        • Tumlinson K.
        • Upadhyay U.D.
        Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to crisis pregnancy centers among an abortion-seeking sample recruited online.
        PLoS One. 2021; 16e0255152https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255152
        • O'Connor W.E.
        • Morrison T.G.
        • McLeod L.D.
        • Anderson D.
        A meta-analytic review of the relationship between gender and belief in a just world.
        J Soc Behav Pers. 1996; 11: 141-148
        • McParland J.L.
        • Knussen C.
        Just world beliefs moderate the relationship of pain intensity and disability with psychological distress in chronic pain support group members.
        Eur J Pain. 2010; 14: 71-76https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.11.016
        • Begue L.
        Beliefs in justice and faith in people: just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust.
        Personal Individ Differ. 2002; 32: 375-382https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00224-5
        • Hunt M.O.
        Status, religion, and the "belief in a just world": comparing African Americans, Latinos, and Whites.
        SOC Sci Q. 2000; 81: 325-343
        • Furnham A.
        The just world belief in twelve cultures.
        J Soc Psychol. 1991; 133: 317-329https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9712149
      2. United States Census Bureau. Race and ethnicity in the United States: 2010 census and 2020 census. 〈https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html〉 (accessed December 20, 2022).

      3. United States Census Bureau. State population totals and components of change: 2010–2019. 〈https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-state-total.html〉 (accessed July 3, 2022).

        • Heijnders M.
        • Van Der Meij S.
        The fight against stigma: an overview of stigma-reduction strategies and interventions.
        Psychol Health Med. 2006; 11: 353-363https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500600595327