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Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of two formulation delivery
systems (FDS) in preventing the onset of pregnancy in rabbits. Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) was
coprecipitated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which yields ![Math Eq]()
, and prepared as capsules or tablets. Semen specimens were collected (from eight
male rabbits), pooled, and used for in vitro spermicidal assessment or artificial
insemination (AI). In vitro spermicidal assessment was performed by introducing and
mixing the FDS containing PVP or ![Math Eq]()
with 1.0 mL of semen, followed by incubation at 37°C for 6 h. Semen samples were
taken at various time intervals to determine killing of spermatozoa and dissolution
of the FDS. The efficacy of the FDS in preventing the onset of pregnancy was assessed
by inserting the FDS vaginally. The does were artificially inseminated at 0, 0.5,
and 6 h after insertion of the FDS vaginally. The number of pregnant does and newborn
rabbits was recorded. In the in vitro spermicidal trial, semen specimens exposed to
both FDS containing ![Math Eq]()
were killed within 10 to 15 min of incubation. Tablets containing PVP only or ![Math Eq]()
dissolved completely after 3 h of incubation. However, capsules did not dissolve
completely by 6 h of incubation. The results obtained in the in vivo trial showed
that both FDS exhibited some variations in preventing the onset of pregnancy over
the various time intervals following the insertion of tablets or capsules and AI.
The tablet seemed to be a more efficient delivery system than the capsule, yielding
significantly lower pregnancy rates at all three time intervals assessed. The tablet
FDS, as applied in this study, was found to be the most efficient mode of delivery
of the tested spermicidal formulations.
, and prepared as capsules or tablets. Semen specimens were collected (from eight
male rabbits), pooled, and used for in vitro spermicidal assessment or artificial
insemination (AI). In vitro spermicidal assessment was performed by introducing and
mixing the FDS containing PVP or 
with 1.0 mL of semen, followed by incubation at 37°C for 6 h. Semen samples were
taken at various time intervals to determine killing of spermatozoa and dissolution
of the FDS. The efficacy of the FDS in preventing the onset of pregnancy was assessed
by inserting the FDS vaginally. The does were artificially inseminated at 0, 0.5,
and 6 h after insertion of the FDS vaginally. The number of pregnant does and newborn
rabbits was recorded. In the in vitro spermicidal trial, semen specimens exposed to
both FDS containing 
were killed within 10 to 15 min of incubation. Tablets containing PVP only or 
dissolved completely after 3 h of incubation. However, capsules did not dissolve
completely by 6 h of incubation. The results obtained in the in vivo trial showed
that both FDS exhibited some variations in preventing the onset of pregnancy over
the various time intervals following the insertion of tablets or capsules and AI.
The tablet seemed to be a more efficient delivery system than the capsule, yielding
significantly lower pregnancy rates at all three time intervals assessed. The tablet
FDS, as applied in this study, was found to be the most efficient mode of delivery
of the tested spermicidal formulations.Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
May 27,
1997
Received in revised form:
May 9,
1997
Received:
March 18,
1997
Footnotes
☆Presented in part at the 22nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Andrology, Baltimore, Maryland, February 22–25, 1997
Identification
Copyright
© 1997 Published by Elsevier Inc.
